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BALANE · State of the Mittelstand · All sectors · DACH · As of 4 Oct 2026 · balane.de/en/insights

State of the Mittelstand · Report

All sectors · DACH

How companies across all sectors in DACH work, where the customer route breaks and what is coming. As of 4 Oct 2026, snapshot of our research.

1,496
companies
1,313
checked
415
trade articles
404
current job ads
Sector
Region

Key findings

  1. A customer meets on average 2.8 of 6 hurdles across all sectors in DACH before getting anything done. 60 % of companies have three or more.

    Chapter 01
  2. In one in three companies with recorded leadership, the same person has led for at least 15 years. A handover is due there.

    Chapter 05
  3. The tools are there, the link to the customer is not: 69 % use Microsoft 365, 4 % show a customer portal.

    Chapter 03
  4. 41 % of companies with 50 to 249 staff mention handovers by hand, versus 21 % at large companies.

    Chapter 04
  5. 108 companies are hiring office staff; only 11 of them let customers do anything themselves.

    Chapter 02
  6. 99 % of Swiss companies route mail through a US provider, in Germany 70 %.

    Chapter 07

Selected by weight and robustness; each statement is backed in its chapter with denominator and uncertainty.

01

The website as a letterbox

What can a customer do on the website themselves?

A customer meets 2.8 of 6 hurdles on average before getting anything done.

We count six hurdles visible from outside: no customer area, only a generic address, a form without reference number, fax as a contact route, outdated documents, and the company's own note that orders are handed over by hand. Across all sectors in DACH the average is 2.8 hurdles (95 %: 2.7 to 2.8), measured across 1,258 companies.

Most common is no customer area (64 %), followed by only a generic address (62 %). 3 % of companies show no visible hurdle at all.

Across sectors the range runs from 2.1 hurdles (Logistics) to 3.1 (Machining). This gap is robust.

Swiss companies show 2.2 hurdles on average, German ones 2.9; 18 % in Switzerland and 5 % in Germany offer a portal or shop.

Companies currently hiring office staff show 3.0 hurdles on average, the others 2.9. More hurdles mean more people sorting enquiries by hand.

How many hurdles a company hasShare of companies per number of hurdles
Which hurdlesWith 95 % band
no customer area64 %
only a generic address62 %
fax as contact route57 %
form without reference number53 %
outdated documents33 %
handover by hand evidenced17 %
Average hurdles by sectorBracket: 95 % band of the mean
Machining3.1
Electrical3.0
Real estate3.0
Metalwork2.9
Lifts2.9
Construction2.8
Engineering2.8
Accounting2.7
Logistics2.1

Our reading

Every hurdle costs time on both sides: the customer calls because they do not know where the enquiry stands, and someone in the company sorts the shared inbox. Hurdles rarely come from intent; the website was simply never part of the process.

How we measured

Home page, legal notice, contact and download pages, read by rules. Only evidenced hurdles count. A company without a found hurdle may still have some we cannot see. Band: 95 % from the distribution.

02

Office work

Who are companies hiring, and why?

108 companies are hiring office staff. Only 11 let customers do anything themselves.

Across all sectors in DACH, 108 companies are currently hiring for back office, order processing, accounting or project coordination, 271 roles in total. We re-confirmed 67 of them on the website in recent weeks; the rest may already be filled.

Among these companies, 71 % use Microsoft 365, 38 % state that orders are handed over by hand, and 10 % offer customers a portal or shop.

Handover by hand at companies hiring office staff: 38 % (± 9 points), 19 points more than at companies without office roles (19 %). The gap exceeds measurement uncertainty.

Most sought are Order processing and back office (70), Project management (52), Site management (39). These are exactly the roles where enquiries, orders and follow-ups converge.

How office-hiring companies workn = 108
Microsoft 365: 71 %handover by hand: 38 %self-service: 10 %
Roles in demandOrange: office roles
Apprenticeship386
Electricians and mechatronics106
Machining and CNC100
Design and engineering90
Production80
Order processing and back office70
Fitters70
Lager und Versand59
IT and software58

Our reading

Hiring for back office usually means looking for time. A good share goes into follow-ups, retyping and forwarding that a customer could trigger with a clear process. A new hire solves today's problem; a process also solves tomorrow's.

How we measured

Job ads on company websites, classified by role and re-checked regularly. Companies without a careers page are missing. Self-service means a customer portal or shop was found.

03

What companies work with

Which systems run, and what is missing?

69 % use Microsoft 365. 4 % show a customer portal.

Across all sectors in DACH we checked 1,313 of 1,496 companies for features. 69 % of companies with an identified mail route use Microsoft 365 (± 3 points). 4 % show a customer portal; the gap between tool and customer route is 65 points.

Equipment grows with size: 4 % of companies with 10 bis 49 staff show a portal, versus 15 % at 250 und mehr. We detect 2.9 versus 4.0 systems per company on average.

How mail runs
Microsoft 365: 69 %IONOS Mail: 11 %STRATO Mail: 8 %Exchange im eigenen Haus: 4 %
What is visible from outsideWith 95 % band
DMARC gesetzt60 %
Übergabe von Hand belegt17 %
Fernzugang5 %
ERP genannt4 %
Altsystem im Einsatz4 %
Kundenportal4 %
Website-System abgekündigt4 %
CRM genannt3 %
Which systems runInner group, middle category, outer system; number of companies
  • Microsoft 365 · Mailbetrieb 692
  • WordPress · Redaktionssystem 543
  • Google Analytics · Reichweitenmessung 484
  • IONOS Hosting · Hosting und Rechenzentrum 245
  • Hetzner · Hosting und Rechenzentrum 153
  • Borlabs Cookie · Formulare 144
  • TYPO3 · Redaktionssystem 130

Our reading

The tools are mostly there: cloud mail, a maintained website. What is missing is the connection to the customer and between systems. That is where the time goes, not in yet another piece of software.

How we measured

DNS records, network operators, certificate logs and website source, checked against a system catalogue. Internal systems without a trace online are invisible; ERP and CRM are therefore certainly underestimated.

04

The middle does the most by hand

How do small, mid-sized and large companies differ?

41 % of companies with 50 to 249 staff say themselves that orders are handed over by hand.

285 companies state their size themselves, on the website or in the register. Only these can be compared by size.

Handover by hand at 50 to 249 staff: 41 % (± 9 points), 20 points more than companies with 250 or more (21 %). The gap exceeds measurement uncertainty.

Compared with small companies: 41 % (± 9 points). That is within measurement accuracy of 10 to 49 staff (26 %).

In tools, however, the middle almost matches the large: 74 % use Microsoft 365 versus 67 %.

Six features by sizeOnly classes with 30+ companies
10 bis 49 (69)50 bis 249 (105)250 und mehr (92)
10 bis 4950 bis 249250 und mehr
handover by hand26 %41 %21 %
portal or shop4 %6 %15 %
remote access4 %8 %15 %
ERP or CRM named4 %9 %21 %
Microsoft 36543 %74 %67 %
DMARC set68 %66 %76 %

Our reading

Too big for shouting across the room, too small for an IT department. The middle has the tools of the large, but not their processes. That is where handovers by mail, spreadsheet and phone pile up.

How we measured

Size only where the company states it. Handover by hand: wording on the website such as "please send orders by fax or mail".

05

Leadership and succession

How long has the same person led the company?

In 32 % of companies with recorded leadership, the same person has led for at least 15 years.

For 154 companies across all sectors in DACH we know the authorised representatives from the commercial register. In 49 of them the same person has been in office for 15 years or more, 17 years on median. 78 companies registered a change in recent years; their handover has already happened.

One might expect companies facing a handover to lag on the customer route. The data does not show that: 3.2 hurdles with long-serving leadership, 3.3 with newer leadership. Succession is its own issue, not a sign of less digitalisation.

This holds for the part of the dataset with a register match and recorded leadership, 10 % of all companies. Swiss companies are barely included because their register is accessed differently.

By sectorShare with leadership 15+ years, with 95 % band
Metalwork31 %
Machining10 of 28
Engineering7 of 24
Lifts8 of 28
Constructionunder 3
Before handover versus newer leadershipCustomer-route hurdles per company
leadership 15+ years (48)3.2
newer leadership (101)3.3

Our reading

Where a handover is due, knowledge of how things run often sits in one head: who knows which customer, how an order really flows, where the exceptions are. Whatever is not written down or built into a system leaves with them.

How we measured

Authorised representatives from the commercial register, matched via register number and legal notice. Register data can be outdated; a long tenure says nothing about age or plans.

06

What the trades read

What does the trade press write about, and does it reach the company?

51 of 142 trade articles are about digitalisation. Little of it reaches the customer.

In the last half-year we read 142 trade articles across all sectors and classified them by topic. 51 are about digitalisation. Meanwhile 7 % of 1,313 checked companies offer customers a portal or shop.

Automation grew most (5 to 11 % of articles), followed by Costs (4 to 9 %). At 142 articles per half-year none of these movements is statistically robust; they show a direction, not proof.

Read versus shownEach bubble a sector, sized by companies
0 %25 %50 %75 %100 %0 %5 %10 %15 %20 %portal or shop →↑ articles on digitalisationMetalworkLogisticsElectricalEngineeringLiftsMachiningConstructionReal estate
What rises, what fallsShare of articles, half-year on half-year
previouslastMarket 44 %Digitalisation 36 %Laws and rules 32 %Order situation 15 %Skilled labour 13 %Automation 11 %Costs 9 %Standards 9 %
risingfallingabout the same
Reports per quarterBy type of statement
090180270360Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25Q1 26Q2 26Q3 26
TrendRuleMarketFigureTechnologyPain point

Our reading

Insight is rarely missing. What is missing is a finished process that works from Monday, without someone running a project for it. What the trade reads is a good way into a conversation about one's own company.

How we measured

Trade media and association pages per sector, each article stored with source and classified by topic and type. An article can carry several topics. More reports per quarter also means we read more sources.

07

Where the mail lives

With which provider, in which country, does mail live?

99 % of Swiss companies route mail through a US provider. In Germany it is 70 %.

A company's MX record in DNS reveals where its mail lives. 755 German companies have an identifiable mail route; 70 % of them use a US-based provider, mostly Microsoft 365.

In Switzerland: 99 % (± 2 points), 29 points more than Germany (70 %). The gap exceeds measurement uncertainty.

37 companies run Exchange on premises. That is US software too, but the data stays in-house. Running your own mail means keeping it up to date yourself (see the security chapter).

Country, provider, headquartersBand width by number of companies
USGermanyelsewhere

Our reading

Quotes, drawings and customer data end up with the same provider, often without anyone deciding so. Which processes stay in the country can be decided deliberately, without extra effort day to day.

How we measured

MX records in DNS, operator and headquarters of the mail provider. Only companies with an identified mail route. Says nothing about storage locations within a provider or in-house software.

08

Servers without updates

How current are on-premises mail servers?

10 of 19 visible Exchange servers no longer receive security updates.

25 companies in the dataset visibly run their own Exchange server. 19 reveal their version. 10 run Exchange 2013, 2016 or 2019; these versions receive no security updates since 14 October 2025 (2013: since April 2023). 9 have moved to the current Exchange SE.

The number is small, so we show no percentages and no sector split. It does show a pattern that authorities also describe.

Versions in the field
  • ⚠ Exchange 2013, unsupported 1
  • ⚠ Exchange 2016, unsupported 7
  • ⚠ Exchange 2019, unsupported 2
  • ✓ Exchange SE, current 9
  • version not detected 6

Our reading

A mail server without updates is an open window, and the migration is due anyway. Whoever migrates now can sort out the processes around mail at the same time.

How we measured

Version from the server's public response. Microsoft lifecycle: end of support for Exchange 2016 and 2019 on 14 Oct 2025, for 2013 on 11 Apr 2023. No intrusion, only publicly visible identifiers.

09

Regions compared

Does Lucerne work differently from Rosenheim?

Regions differ by 48 points in Microsoft 365 use.

We compare postcode areas with at least 30 companies . That is 7 areas; our dataset is densest in southern Bavaria and central Switzerland.

Microsoft 365 ranges from 43 % (DE-82 · um Gauting) to 91 % (CH-60 · um Luzern). The gap is robust and points to regional IT providers rather than company attitudes.

Customer-route hurdles range between 1.9 and 3.1 across areas.

Areas compared
AreanMicrosoft 365US mailCMSHandoverHurdles
CH-60 · um Luzern13891 %99 %39 %25 %1.9
DE-83 · um Bad Aibling12755 %58 %60 %12 %2.9
DE-85 · um Unterschleißheim11452 %56 %51 %8 %3.1
DE-82 · um Gauting7343 %51 %59 %5 %2.9
DE-86 · um Schongau4158 %61 %59 %8 %3.1
CH-62 · um Sursee3491 %100 %56 %44 %2.9
DE-84 · um Obertaufkirchen34··70 %·2.9

Our reading

Regions differ less in attitude than in local service providers: where one IT firm serves an area, companies look alike.

How we measured

By the first two postcode digits, named after the most common town. Our dataset is not equally dense everywhere; the comparison only holds between the areas shown.

10

What is coming

Which rules with a deadline are coming for the trades?

23 deadlines in the next two and a half years, first e-invoicing from 1 Jan 2027.

From trade articles and association pages we recorded rules with a fixed deadline and grouped them by subject. 8 fall within the next four months: EU Machinery Regulation (20 Oct 2026), Heating Costs Ordinance (31 Dec 2026), EU Machinery Regulation (1 Jan 2027), E-invoicing (1 Jan 2027).

CountdownBar: time remaining
20 Oct 2026EU Machinery RegulationEngineeringin 16 days
31 Dec 2026Heating Costs OrdinanceReal estatein 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027EU Machinery RegulationEngineeringLiftsin 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027E-invoicingMetalworkin 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027Französische GNSS-Maut ElsassLogisticsin 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027Heating Costs OrdinanceReal estatein 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027LieferketteEngineeringin 3 mo.
1 Jan 2027WertschöpfungsbonusElectricalin 3 mo.
1 Feb 2027KlimageschwindigkeitsbonusElectricalin 4 mo.
1 Feb 2027VO (EU) 2023/1542Engineeringin 4 mo.
11 Dec 2027Cyber Resilience ActEngineeringLiftsin 14 mo.
31 Dec 2027E-invoicingMetalworkin 15 mo.
31 Dec 2027VergabebeschleunigungsgesetzConstructionin 15 mo.
1 Jan 2028CSDDDLogisticsin 15 mo.
1 Jan 2028EPBDElectricalin 15 mo.
1 Jan 2028E-invoicingMetalworkin 15 mo.
1 Jun 20282G switch-offLiftsin 20 mo.
30 Jun 2028CCNTMetalworkin 21 mo.
2 Aug 2028EU Machinery RegulationEngineeringin 22 mo.
1 Sept 2028HyperabschreibungMachiningin 23 mo.
31 Dec 20282G switch-offLiftsin 27 mo.
1 Jan 2029Bio-TreppeElectricalin 27 mo.
1 Jan 2029GModGElectricalin 27 mo.

Our reading

A deadline is a good reason to tackle a process now. With e-invoicing, incoming invoices can be set up so that the obligation is met in passing and retyping disappears.

How we measured

Rules with a deadline from trade articles, recorded with source. Not legal advice; the legal text prevails.

11

Self-check

Six questions, one minute. Your answers stay in your browser.

How many hurdles does your customer route have?

  1. Can customers do nothing themselves on your website, such as orders, appointments or documents?

  2. Does your website list only a generic address like info@ instead of contacts per topic?

  3. Does an enquiry via your form get no reference number the customer can follow up with?

  4. Is a fax number listed in the legal notice or on the contact page?

  5. Are there documents on your website older than three years?

  6. Do orders move between departments by fax, mail or paper?

6 questions left.

12

Method and appendix

Where the numbers come from and what they do not say.

We read publicly available sources: company websites (home, legal notice, contact, careers), DNS and mail routes, public certificate logs, commercial registers and the Swiss UID register, job ads, and trade media and association pages per sector. Every finding is stored with its source.

The dataset covers 1,496 companies, mostly in southern Bavaria and central Switzerland. It is our research, not a representative sample; sectors and regions are covered with different density. That is why every number carries its denominator.

We show shares only from 30 companies in the denominator, below that as "x of n". Cells under 3 companies are not published, company names never. Every share carries a 95 % Wilson band. We call a difference higher or lower only when the bands do not overlap.

Not found does not mean not there. Internal systems without a trace online are invisible; ERP, CRM and portals are therefore underestimated, hurdles rather complete because they are publicly visible. Register data can be outdated.

The worker measures daily; this page takes over values hourly. From the second reading onwards we show trends.

Figures: All sectors · DACH

ChapterFeatureValuen95 %
The website as a letterboxno customer area64 %125861 bis 67 %
The website as a letterboxonly a generic address62 %125859 bis 65 %
The website as a letterboxform without reference number53 %125850 bis 56 %
The website as a letterboxfax as contact route57 %106854 bis 60 %
The website as a letterboxoutdated documents33 %125830 bis 35 %
The website as a letterboxhandover by hand evidenced17 %125815 bis 20 %
Office workwith Microsoft 365 (among office-hiring)71 %10862 bis 79 %
Office workhandover by hand (among office-hiring)38 %10829 bis 47 %
Office workself-service (among office-hiring)10 %1086 bis 17 %
What companies work withMicrosoft 36569 %95266 bis 72 %
What companies work withIONOS Mail11 %9529 bis 13 %
What companies work withSTRATO Mail8 %9527 bis 10 %
What companies work withDMARC gesetzt60 %131357 bis 62 %
What companies work withÜbergabe von Hand belegt17 %131315 bis 19 %
What companies work withFernzugang5 %13134 bis 7 %
What companies work withERP genannt4 %13133 bis 6 %
What companies work withAltsystem im Einsatz4 %13133 bis 5 %
What companies work withKundenportal4 %13133 bis 5 %
What companies work withWebsite-System abgekündigt4 %13133 bis 5 %
What companies work withCRM genannt3 %13132 bis 4 %
The middle does the most by handhandover by hand, 10 bis 4926 %6917 bis 38 %
The middle does the most by handhandover by hand, 250 und mehr21 %9214 bis 30 %
The middle does the most by handhandover by hand, 50 bis 24941 %10532 bis 51 %
The middle does the most by handhandover by hand, unter 107 of 1919·
Leadership and successionleadership 15+ years32 %15425 bis 40 %
Where the mail livesUS mail provider DE70 %75567 bis 73 %
Where the mail livesUS mail provider CH99 %17397 bis 100 %
Where the mail livesUS mail provider AT6 of 66·

External sources

  1. KfW Research, Nachfolge-Monitoring Mittelstand 2025 (2025): In 2025, 57 % of owners of small and medium-sized firms were already 55 or older, more than 2 million people. www.kfw.de/PDF/Download-Center/Konzernthemen/Research/PDF-Do
  2. KfW Research, Nachfolge-Monitoring Mittelstand 2025 (2025): By the end of 2029, about 545,000 of 3.87 million SMEs are aiming for a succession, about 109,000 per year. www.kfw.de/PDF/Download-Center/Konzernthemen/Research/PDF-Do
  3. DIHK, Report Unternehmensnachfolge 2025 (2024): In chamber consultations in 2024, 27 % of firms looking to hand over considered closing, mostly for lack of a successor. www.dihk.de/de/newsroom/unternehmensnachfolge-report-2025-15
  4. Dun & Bradstreet Schweiz (2025): In Switzerland, 13.7 % of SMEs need a succession plan in the coming years. www.dnb.com/de-ch/ueber-uns/news/nachfolge-kmu-schweiz-2025.
  5. Eurostat, isoc_cicce_use (2025): Of all firms with 10 to 249 employees, 40 % in Germany get e-mail as a paid cloud service, 39 % in Austria, 44 % in the EU. ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/
  6. Destatis, Pressemitteilung Nr. 416 vom 24.11.2025 (2025): Paid cloud services are used by 51 % of small and 65 % of medium-sized firms in Germany. www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2025/11/PD25_41
  7. BSI, Cyber-Sicherheitswarnung 2025-287772-1032 (2025): After end of support, 92 % of the roughly 33,000 Exchange servers with open Outlook Web Access known to the BSI still ran version 2019 or older. www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Cybersicherheitswarnungen/DE/2025
  8. CERT-Bund (BSI), 22.01.2026 (2026): Three months after end of support, 81 % of these servers in Germany no longer received security updates. social.bund.de/@certbund/115938937277935516
  9. Microsoft Learn (2025): Microsoft ended support for Exchange Server 2016 and 2019 on 14 October 2025. learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/exchange/administrati
  10. Bundesministerium der Finanzen, FAQ E-Rechnung (2025): Since 1 January 2025 every domestic business must be able to receive e-invoices; firms with prior-year turnover above 800,000 euros must issue them from 2027, all from 2028. www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/FAQ/e-rechnung.htm
  11. Bitkom, Presseinformation 03.12.2024 (2024): Shortly before the receiving obligation, only 45 % of firms with 20 or more employees could receive e-invoices. www.bitkom.org/Presse/Presseinformation/Weniger-als-die-Hael
  12. Eurostat, isoc_ciweb (2025): A website with online ordering, reservation or booking is offered by 24 % of firms with 10 to 249 employees in Germany, 29 % in Austria, 22 % in the EU. ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/
  13. BFS, Indikator E-Commerce der Unternehmen (Quelle KOF) (2023): In Switzerland about 21 % of firms sold online in 2023, in construction only 6 %. dam-api.bfs.admin.ch/hub/api/dam/assets/36508619/master
  14. Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Fachkräfteengpassanalyse 2025 (2025): According to the Federal Employment Agency, office and secretarial staff are not a shortage occupation: 0.83 of 3 points against a threshold of 2.0. statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/DE/Statischer-Content/Statistike
  15. Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Fachkräfteengpassanalyse 2025 (2025): Expert-level accounting (2.2 points) and tax advisory (2.5) are shortage occupations. statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/DE/Statischer-Content/Statistike
  16. dmarcian, DMARC Adoption in Germany 2026 (2026): Even of the 250 largest German parent-company domains, 12 % had no DMARC record; only 40 % rejected spoofed mail. dmarcian.com/germany-dmarc-adoption/